Tourism in Antarctica Essay Example for Free

Tourism in Antarctica Essay Oil spills, although reasonably infrequent, are major threats to nearby wildlife. Increased tourism is also bringing about the invasion of alien species and spores into Antarctica, and although species such as the Mediterranean mussel will not be able to thrive on the ice shelf due to the temperatures, they can prove to be a threat to the marine wildlife when growing on ship hulls. Most tourists to Antarctica have flown to southern areas such as Punta Arenas in Chile or New Zealand. The pollution created by these long-distance flights is considerable and contributes to global warming. In addition to this, as global warming melts away floating ice sheets on the water, there will be space for larger ships to arrive, resulting in more tourists, and an increase in the issues aforementioned. Furthermore, there are the issues which are prevalent in all tourist destinations, such as litter, sewage, and overcrowding. What is being done to minimise the impact of tourism? All 100+ tour operators in Antarctica are members of IAATO (International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators), which urges tour operators to be environmentally-friendly, and to urge their clients to also do so. Tourism is very much legal and acceptable in Antarctica, and it is only the scale of this which needs to be controlled. SSSIs (Sites of Special Scientific Interest), such as Bird Island on South Georgia are laid out beforehand, and tourists are not allowed to visit these, in order to preserve wildlife and certain habitats. In order to partake in any activities on the island, a permit is required, so that this can be regulated. Ships landing in Antarctica cannot be carrying more than 500 people, with only 100 being allowed to disembark at once and ships carrying heavy fuel oil (normally large passenger ships) are not allowed to enter Antarctic waters. The number of cruise vessels at any one site in the Antarctic has been limited to 40, and only one ship is allowed to land at each site at once. In addition to this, no waste or litter is to be left at the tourist sites, tourists are not allowed to walk on the lichens or moss and no tourist is allowed to go within 5 metres of an animal. All tour guides are officially trained and are experienced scientific personnel who have been involved in research in Antarctica. Waste disposal is tightly regulated, with prohibitions of the dumping of waste anywhere in the Antarctic continent, with ships now having purpose-built waste containment facilities. This shows how sustainable tourism in Antarctica is a high priority, and how there are many measures taken to minimise the negative impacts of tourism. Although these measures are effective now, it is unknown whether they will stay in place in the future, and if Antarctica will retain its title as the ‘World’s last true wilderness’ for much longer.

Service quality of hospitality information system Essay -- Technology,

Service quality of hospitality information system has emerged as an important function under discussion for the hospitality industry in IRAN which has been identified as one of the efficient structures for the organizational performance within the competitive marketplace regarding hospitality information system (lewis 1993) .The service quality of hospitality information system provide equivalent services ,establishing high service quality ,supplement customer satisfaction, and enlarge the organizational profitability of providers and market share (Hoffman &Bateson 1997). Most organizations within the hospitality industry in IRAN have research about the significance issues to evaluating service quality , customer satisfaction, and customer expectations regarding the service quality. According to Sudipta, &Adittya, (2005), service quality of hospitality information system has emerged as an issue of importance for the hospitality industry it has been identified as one of th e most effective means by building a competitive position and improving organizational performance. However, customer satisfaction and customer expectations are two important factors in evaluating the service quality and make essential decisions concerning future supporting and investment. One of the most important development aspects in hospitality information system is the growing consideration toward service quality of hospitality information system by delivering useful informations and high quality service to the customers .The importance factors of hospitality information system are distributed into different subdivisions which provide useful informations to tourists and customers , not only online brochures and general informations about the p... ...re and increase the organizational profits . Measuring customer perspective of the service quality of hospitality information system at the hotel industry within the Iranian society can being able the hotels as a key tool to provide and analyze customer feedback , policies and practices , employee commitment , education and training , organizational marketing . Met expectation model is one of the main models that hotels are using in Iran, to evaluate the terms of service quality with different perspectives among customers and the organization . The expectations and service delivery from two different perspectives can help the organization to identify the strengths and weaknesses in service quality and service delivery . In addition , this make organizations able to measure service and performance quality of hospitality information system in a broader area .

Case Study: Decision Making Based on Mission & Vision of Organization Essay

In this case study, Community Medical Center has a strong reputation for quality of medical care. The president of CMC has the difficult position of making a crucial decision that will impact his licensed and unlicensed staff, patients and the community at large. This short essay will address the possible vision and mission of CMC that will guide the president in his decision about the case study of an operating room who may have HIV/AIDS. This paper will also discuss the president’s decision and how he will communicate it to the physicians, employees, and the public. Mission and Vision of Community Medical Center  CMC is a fairly large hospital which offers various services and had more than fifty surgeons on staff. It has a large clinical staff in various departments. The other nearest hospital is located in another city. CMC has a good reputation over the past decades. The president of CMC has a several issues of which he needs to make decisions on. The chief of surgery and about fifty other surgeons are threatening to leave along with their patients, to a rival hospital in another city, if the OR nurse is not relieved of his duties. If this happens revenue will be impacted along with lay-offs and services; the effects could be millions of dollars. The president will definitely need to communicate with not only the surgeons but also the governing board (i. e. board of directors), human resources, chief financial officer, and public affairs. The president will need to remind and commend his staff of the fact that CMC has a strong reputation for quality of medical care, a large staff of surgeons, clinical departments, and a governing board during the past decades. He will need to remind his staff on some core values such being respectful by communicating authentically, trusting each other, and honor the efforts of all team members. He should also remind them of being ethical by demonstrating integrity and loyalty with the highest regard for confidentiality (CMC, 2011). President’s Dilemma He definitely does not want to lose the chief of surgery and the majority of his surgeons. The president surely does not want a federal suit on his hands, at the suggestion of the OR nurse’s attorney. He also needs to address the issue of confidentiality and the â€Å"leak† from within the organization. There is also the issue of the media and the wording of his press release. President’s Decision Firstly, the President of CMC will have to confirm if the OR nurse in fact has HIV/AIDS. Then it would be best for him to meet and communicate with the governing board, human resources and public affairs to see what the procedures and protocols along with the core values of the organization are (willful choice models). This should reveal whether the surgeons can leave with or without repercussions (i. e. violations of contract). An article in Today’s Hospitalist states that physicians very rarely follow through with their threats to quit. Furthermore, that these threats just creates problems (Doyle, 2011). The P&P’s should also reveal the steps to be taken in labor dispute issues, and media concerns. This will aid the president on how to handle the OR nurse’s impending suit. If he isn’t aware of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), he may want to review this or ask his human resource department about it. He should also use ADA information such as the fact the HIV/AIDS can only be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected individual, exposure to infected blood, or blood products. Communicating this information to his staff may ease or erase their worries (ADA HIV Q & A). It will also help guide him in how to deal with the problem of the â€Å"leak† to the media. At this point, the president can relay to his staff the importance of confidentiality, and respect, and accountability. He will probably need to enlist the help of his public affairs, or media and advertising departments with the issue of the â€Å"leak†. The reality-based or garbage can models will help the president in finding logic and order in the midst of decision-making chaos. There is ambiguity, uncertainty, and preferences of those involved. Therefore the president will need to be able to provide knowledge on HIV/AIDs to his staff, answers their questions about HIV/AIDS based on available information/data. He must be able to communicate this to his staff thoroughly and convincingly. The triangulation method is a more thorough and would probably be the best route for the president of CMC. This would be a combination of the quantitative and qualitative approaches. Here, small groups of people can present or suggest possible solutions which can be analyzed quantitatively. The president can then draw from this information and makes his decision. It is good practice for resolving (resolutions in reality-based models) resolutions.

Environmental Development through Role Play in Schools Essay

1. Executive Summary In this proposal the Environmental Protection Group (EPG) requests funding for its Environmental Development Project through Role Play in Schools. The project’s goal is to contribute to the reduction of environmental devastation and destruction through the implementation of role-play strategies that highlight concomitant preventive and behaviour change interventions. With this support, EPG will emphasize on increasing awareness practices and measurement requirements and work in close collaboration with partners toward the reduction of the burden of environmental devastation. EPG is requesting Kyats 16,000,000 to support its efforts to combat human effects on our environment and its resultant environmental destruction among the currently unnoticed affected areas of Myanmar. EPG will work in collaboration with the â€Å"Save Earth†, community-based organizations and International NGOs, promoting positive behaviour change through the Environmental protection Role play in schools project. 2. Environmental Issues in Myanmar While environmental protection projects and environment activists are endeavoring to bring forth harmony amongst our environment and our society, Myanmar has rather a slow rate of environmental protection measurements. Citizens should be warned of the effects of their behavior on the environment and the resultant destruction of the environment. However, since the population of working people will not be able to contribute much to our project, we have set our targets on children. Through role play on environmental devastation, we will raise children’s awareness of the environment. Despite learning about the deterioration of the environment only when they get older, making children contribute to the environment is claimed to have much effect both on the children and on the environment. While the environment will get greener with children’s interest in it, the children, on the other hand, will also learn the advantages and disadvantages of their behavior towards the Earth. This way, the science of the Earth and the art of individual responsibility will be learned by the children at the same time, as well as benefit in the eco-friendliness of men and our Earth. 3. Project Objectives – to raise environmental awareness through community participation approach – to get ideas from the community – to promote community’s critical thinking of the environment 4. Our Vision Statement Communities in which people respect the environment, develop the sustainable eco-friendly lifestyle and share the environmental knowledge and practice from generation to generation. 5. The weaknesses of our community – Lack of environmental awareness – Weakness in practicing conservation – Ignorance of the significance of the natural environment 6. Skills and Qualities – Patience – Motivation in community participation – Theatre ability – Persuasiveness – Ability to understand the reality of the community – Scientific Knowledge

Using Photographs and Illustrations to Support Reading Comprehension

Using Photographs and Illustrations to Support Reading Comprehension Whether they are the cave drawings in the south of France, the cartoons of Hogarth or Satellite pictures, illustrations and photos are powerful ways for students with disabilities, especially difficulty with text, to find and retain information from textbooks and non-fiction. That, after all, is what reading comprehension  is about: understanding and retaining information, and having the ability to retell that information, not performance on multiple choice tests.   Often students with reading difficulties are so stuck I find, when working with struggling readers, that they get so stuck on the code - decoding unfamiliar multi-syllabic words, that they dont get as far as the meaning. More often than not, they actually miss the meaning. Focusing students on text features, such as the illustrations and the captions help students focus on the meaning and authors intent before they actually have to read any text.   Illustrations will help students Understand what the author believes is important in the text.Visualize the context of the non-fiction text (especially history or geography) or content of the chapter/article.  For students who struggle with text, the visual representation of content will help them see the important content.  Learn text specific vocabulary.  An illustration of an insect in a biology text or a plant in a botany text will be accompanied by captions or labels.  Be sure that students note that information in the text.   Using Pictures and Illustrations in Conjunction with Other Text Features An essential part of SQ3R  (Scan, Question, Read, Review, Reread) a long term strategy for developmental reading is to Scan the text.  Scanning basically includes looking over the text and identifying important information. Titles and Subtitles are the first stop on a text walk.  Titles will also help introduce the important topic spedific vocabulary.  Expect a chapter about the Civil War to have specific vocabulary in the subtitles. Be sure to have a list of focus words for flash cards before you start your text walk: Give (or have available) 3 by 5 cards available for students to write down the text specific vocabulary as your do the text walk together.   Captions and Labels accompany most pictures, and should be read as you do the text walk.  Be sure students record all of the important vocabulary, even if they can read them.  Depending on your students sophistication, a picture or a written definition should go on the back.  The purpose should be for your students to be able to define the vocabulary using their own words. The Reading Strategy - The Text Walk The first time you teach the strategy, you will want to walk the child through the whole process.  Later it will be better if you can fade some of your support and have students take more responsibility for the text walk.  This would be a great activity to do in partners across abilities, especially if you have students who benefit from the structure but have stronger reading skills. After reviewing the titles and pictures, have students make predictions:  What will you read about?  What do you want to know more about as you read?  Did you see a picture that surprised you?   Then scan together for vocabulary they should have on their flashcards.  Make a list on the board or using a document on the digital projector in your classroom.

The Battle of Tannenberg in World War I

The Battle of Tannenberg in World War I The Battle of Tannenberg was fought August 23-31, 1914, during World War I (1914-1918). One of the few battles of maneuver from a conflict best known for static trench warfare, Tannenberg saw German forces in the east effectively destroy General Alexander Samsonovs Russian Second Army. Employing a mix of signals intelligence, knowledge of the enemy commanders personalities, and effective rail transportation, the Germans were able to concentrate their forces before overwhelming and surrounding Samsonovs men. The battle also marked the debut of General Paul von Hindenburg and his chief of staff, General Erich Ludendorff, as a highly effective duo on the battlefield. Background With the outbreak of World War I, Germany began implementation of the Schlieffen Plan. This called for the bulk of their forces to assemble in the west while only a small holding force remained in the east. The goal of the plan was to quickly defeat France before the Russians could fully mobilize their forces. With France defeated, Germany would be free to focus their attention to the east. As dictated by the plan, only General Maximilian von Prittwitzs Eighth Army was allocated for the defense of East Prussia as it was expected that it would take the Russians several weeks to transport their men to the front (Map). Russian Movements While this was largely true, two-fifths of Russias peacetime army was located around Warsaw in Russian Poland, making it immediately available for action. While the bulk of this strength was to be directed south against Austria-Hungary, who were fighting a largely one-front war, the First and Second Armies were deployed north to invade East Prussia. Crossing the frontier on August 15, General Paul von Rennenkampfs First Army moved west with the goal of taking Konigsberg and driving into Germany. To the south, General Alexander Samsonovs Second Army trailed behind, not reaching the border until August 20. This separation was enhanced by a personal dislike between the two commanders as well as a geographic barrier consisting of a chain of lakes which forced the armies to operate independently. After Russian victories at Stallupà ¶nen and Gumbinnen, a panicked Prittwitz ordered the abandonment of East Prussia and a retreat to the Vistula River (Map). Stunned by this, the Chief of the German General Staff Helmuth von Moltke sacked the Eighth Army commander and dispatched General Paul von Hindenburg to take command. To aid Hindenburg, the gifted General Erich Ludendorff was assigned as chief of staff. Shifting South Just prior to the change in command, Prittwitzs deputy chief of operations, Colonel Max Hoffmann, proposed a bold plan to crush Samsonovs Second Army. Already aware that the deep animosity between the two Russian commanders would preclude any cooperation, his planning was further aided by the fact that the Russians were transmitting their marching orders in the clear. With this information in hand, he proposed shifting the German I Corps south by train to the far left of Samsonovs line, while the XVII Corps and I Reserve Corps were moved to oppose the Russian right. This plan was risky as any turn south by Rennenkampfs First Army would endanger the German left. In addition, it required the southern portion of the Kà ¶nigsberg defenses to be left unmanned. The 1st Cavalry Division was deployed to screen to the east and south of Kà ¶nigsberg. Arriving on August 23, Hindenburg and Ludendorff reviewed and immediately implemented Hoffmanns plan. As movements began, the German XX Corps continued to oppose Second Army. Pushing forward on August 24, Samsonov believed his flanks to be unopposed and ordered a drive northwest towards the Vistula while VI Corps moved north to Seeburg. Germans General Paul von HindenburgGeneral Erich Ludendorff166,000 men Russians General Alexander SamsonovGeneral Paul von Rennenkampf416,000 men Casualties Germany - 13,873 (1,726 killed, 7,461 wounded, 4,686 missing)Russia - 170,000 (78,000 killed/wounded/missing, 92,000 captured) Hindenburg Attacks Concerned that the Russian VI Corps was making a flanking march, Hindenburg ordered General Hermann von Franà §ois I Corps to begin their attack on August 25. This was resisted by Franà §ois as his artillery had not arrived. Eager to begin, Ludendorff and Hoffmann visited him to press the order. Returning from the meeting, they learned through radio intercepts that Rennenkampf planned to continue moving due west while Samsonov pressed XX Corps near Tannenberg. In the wake of this information, Franà §ois was able to delay until the 27th, while XVII Corps was ordered to attack the Russian right as soon as possible (Map). Due to I Corps delays, it was XVII Corps which opened the main battle on August 26. Attacking the Russian right, they drove back elements of the VI Corps near Seeburg and Bischofstein. To the south, the German XX Corps was able to hold around Tannenberg, while the Russian XIII Corps drove unopposed on Allenstein. Despite this success, by the end of the day, the Russians were in jeopardy as XVII Corps had begun to turn their right flank. The next day, the German I Corps began their assault around Usdau. Using his artillery to advantage, Franà §ois broke through the Russian I Corps and began advancing. The Trap Closed In an effort to save his offensive, Samsonov withdrew XIII Corps from Allenstein and re-directed them against the German line at Tannenberg. This led to the majority of his army being concentrated east of Tannenberg. Through the day on the 28th, German forces continued to drive back the Russian flanks and the true danger of the situation began to dawn on Samsonov. Requesting Rennenkampf to divert to the southwest to provide aid, he ordered Second Army to begin falling back to the southwest to regroup (Map). By the time these orders were issued, it was too late as Franà §ois I Corps had advanced past the remnants of the Russian left flank and assumed a blocking position to the southwest between Niedenburg and Willenburg. He was soon joined by XVII Corps which, having defeated the Russian right, advanced southwest. Retreating southeast on August 29th, the Russians encountered these German forces and realized they were surrounded. The Second Army soon formed a pocket around Frogenau and was subjected to relentless artillery bombardment by the Germans. Though Rennenkampf made attempts to reach the beleaguered Second Army, his advance was badly delayed by the German cavalry operating on his front. The Second Army continued to fight for another two days until the bulk of its forces surrendered. Aftermath The defeat at Tannenberg cost the Russians 92,000 captured, as well as another 30,000-50,000 killed and wounded. German casualties totaled around 12,000-20,000. Dubbing the engagement the Battle of Tannenberg, in vindication of the Teutonic Knights 1410 defeat on the same ground by a Polish and Lithuanian army, Hindenburg succeeded in ending the Russian threat to East Prussia and Silesia. Following Tannenberg, Rennenkampf began a fighting retreat which culminated in a German victory at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes in mid-September. Having escaped the encirclement, but unable to face Tsar Nicholas II after the defeat, Samsonov committed suicide. In a conflict best remembered for trench warfare, Tannenberg was one of the few great battles of maneuver.

Venous Leg Ulcer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Venous Leg Ulcer - Essay Example Financial expenditures are also substantial with costs in the United States estimated to be $75 million to $1 billion per year. Individuals who experience venous leg ulcers place significant demands on health services, particularly community-based agencies. healing is time consuming and lengthened, requiring health care professionals to spotlight on the wound or the branch that is affected by the leg ulcer in providing care. Although this is vital, existing research suggests that a more holistic perceptive of the experience of breathing with a leg ulcer may also be advantageous. Due to the actuality that community health nurses are the major care professionals providing care for this challenging health problem, they have considerable opportunity to impact not just wound healing but also the patient's experience of living with a leg ulcer. Leg Ulcer Pain, functional restrictions, and emotional suffering have all been recognized as contemporaneous difficulties connected with living with a leg ulcer. classification of these symptoms and their effect on lifestyles may provide important information to improve health outcomes, both from a provider and a patient perspective. Goals of alleviating physical and emotional suffering as well as improving wound healing may contribute to decreasing costs coupled with leg ulcers. Venous leg ulcers, like any unremitting disease, require self-management on the part of the individual. Self-management, in turn, requires knowledge, functional capabilities, and power in order to sustain healing behaviors. This preliminary research study sought to determine if individuals with venous leg ulcers had the necessary knowledge to participate in self-management and whether they were capable of performing the self-management skills that would enhance healing. Nursing role in curing pain Nurses, by virtue of their role in the close and continuous care of patients, are privileged to hear the stories of people coping in times of illness, feeling vulnerable and at the mercy of the system. Such stories reveal that the health of a society is more than mortality rates and numbers of surgical interventions and more than clever science. It is about how we support those in our society who are unable to care for themselves so that we have a society in which the quality of life is at least reasonable for as many as possible. This means facing the difficult decisions about redistribution of funding, about what constitutes good health and a healthy society, about who should make the decisions and about whose interests should be served in a health care system. The issues raised in this section are by no means all encompassing of our major social ills and make no claims to be so. They are merely those that claim the attention of nurses today as they work towards addressing how to e nsure better outcomes both for individuals and for society. But they can only do this if they are supported by a system with similar values and priorities. Implementation or Treatment A report commissioned by the Agency for Health Care and Policy and Research in 1992 found that less than 50% of venous leg ulcer patients reported having adequate pain management in the post-operative period. Studies undertaken in general